On many a trip to Mount Vernon I have passed by Pohick Church, charmingly tucked away behind a forest of trees along Route 1. Having heard much about it over the years in reference to our Founding Fathers, it has long been on my list of places to visit.
After my most recent visit to the
autumnal Mount Vernon to
see the fox chase, I swung by the church on the way home. The winding path continued to peak my interest into my fascination of 18th century history.
Waterways were important to travel in the rugged Virginia wilderness, so that drove much of the history of the area. If you look at a map of Eastern Virginia, you'll see many fingers of land that jut into the Chesapeake Bay. The strips of land are called necks, defined by the rivers on each side, beginning from the headwaters to their destination of the Chesapeake.
This eastern section of Northern Virginia is known as the Northern Neck, located between the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers. That might seem like a stretch of the definition, but for one who lived in 17th and 18th century Virginia, travel along "bridal paths" through the forests were quite rocky. Ask me, I know from all the hiking I've done in the area. The Rocky Mountain trails I've hiked are easier than these rocky trails. Boat travel was much easier...until you came to the rapids which predominated at the Fall Line. This is why George Washington advocated for canals, but that's another story.
This church was originally named Occoquan Church because of its proximity to the Occoquan River.
Being the first church established north of the Occoquan, Pohick Church became known as The Mother Church of Northern Virginia.
No Parish in the Colony had a Vestry more distinguished in its personnel, or more fully qualified for their positions, than the Parish of Truro. Of its earlier members indeed little has come down to us but their names inscribed on almost every page of the scant records remaining to tell of the settlement of these upper reaches of the "Northern Neck," and the establishment of religion and civilization in what was then but a wilderness. But later her Vestrymen are found ranking among the first gentlemen of Virginia in position and influence. Eleven of them sat at various times in the House of Burgesses. Two of them, the Fairfaxes, were members of "His Majesty's Council for Virginia." Another of her Vestrymen was George Mason, one of the first among the founders of the State and the great political thinkers of his age; while still another was declared to be the "Greatest man of any age," the imperial George Washington.-The History of Truro Parish in Virginia
The area was part of a 1715 land grant, although we don't know the precise date of the founding. The original building was
2 miles south on Old Colchester Rd, where a marker can be seen today.
By 1732 Truro Parish was established by the Virginia General Assembly which included all the lands north of the Occoquan River. Being the only church in the parish, Occoquan Church became the parish church. It was also renamed Pohick Church, named after the local creek. George Washington's father, Augustine, became one of the vestrymen in 1735. (
Vestryman-one of twelve elected to serve on the governing board)
In another decade a new generation of vestrymen were elected over time, who either became our Founding Fathers, or greatly influenced our Founding Fathers:
By 1767 the vestry decided that the little delapidated wooden frame church should be rebuilt on a grander and sturdier scale, this time built of brick. Washington proposed a new site on more traveled roads, for the convenience of the parishioners. Mason, however, argued against that, wanting the church to remain at the cemetery of beloved family members. Washington thus conducted a survey, marking the location of the parishioners' homes which he presented to the vestry. Logic overruled emotion in a seven to five vote which determined the decision to move the church to its present site on Route 1.
It was also situated on the highest spot in the area, recalling the biblical image of a "city set on a hill" (Matt 5:14).-Pohick Church History
Despite the building site dispute, the building committee included our favorite trio from the Northern Neck: Mason, Fairfax, and Washington.
In 1771 Daniel French, undertaker (or in colonial terms, the building contractor) died. Vestryman George Mason who was executor of French's estate, became the new undertaker for the remainder of the building project.
In 1772 Mason hired the renown master carver of Alexandria fame, William Bernard Sears to employ his handiwork at the church for all the interior wood carving and decorative gilding. Sears' fame was preceded by a journey from Europe to begin his
indentureship to Colonel George Mason at Gunston Hall.
Construction culminated in 1774. Meanwhile the rumblings of revolution were near. On July 18 of that same year the newly built Pohick Church was the site of the
Fairfax Resolutions.
Written by George Washington and George Mason on July 17, 1774, at Mount Vernon, the Fairfax County Resolves were both a bold statement of fundamental constitutional rights and a revolutionary call for an association of colonies to protest British anti-American actions.-Library of Congress
I never knew so constant an attendant at Church as [Washington]. And his behavior in the house of God was ever so deeply reverential that it produced the happiest effect on my congregation, and greatly assisted me in my pulpit labors. No company ever withheld him from Church. I have been at Mount Vernon on Sabbath morning when his breakfast table was filled with guests; but to him they furnished no pretext for neglecting his God and losing the satisfaction of setting a good example. For instead of staying at home, out of false complaisance to them, he used constantly to invite them to accompany him.-Rev. Lee Massey of Pohick Church
"
Washington's steadfast faith in God's divine providence undoubtedly sustained him during the long fight for independence from England."-Pohick Church History
Here is
more information on the West family of Alexandria, Fairfax, and Loudon.
Pohick Church joins the roll call of
colonial Anglican churches and continues as one of the oldest surviving churches in the Washington, D.C. area.
In the early 19th century, Pastor Mason Locke
Weems (of cherry tree fame...and myth) occasionally presided over services here.
References:
http://www.pohick.org/history.html
https://www.newrivernotes.com/topical_books_1907_virginia_historytruroparish.htm
https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/pohick-church/
http://gunstonhallblog.blogspot.com/2014/01/george-mason-and-pohick-church.html
http://www.gunstonhall.org/index.php/mansion/architect
http://thecompletepilgrim.com/americas-colonial-anglican-churches-royal-legacy/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1983/02/19/washington-worshiped-here/aae57dd9-1f32-40c1-8472-d7266155777d/?utm_term=.a7ed164a8de1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohick_Church